CONTENTS

 

SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES

4     Effects and Risks of Nanotechnologies and Nanomaterials on Environment and Human Health

……Aljoša Košak1,2, Marijana Lakić1 in Aleksandra Lobnik1,2  Abstract and References

1Univerza v Mariboru, Fakulteta za strojništvo, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor

2IOS, d. o. o., Inšitut za okoljevarstvo in senzorje, Beloruska 7, 2000 Maribor

Scientific Review

Received 10-2014 • Accepted 02-2015

Corresponding author:

Prof. D.Sc. Aleksandra Lobnik

Tel.: +386 2 220 79 12

E-mail: lobnikaleksandra@gmail.com

 

Abstract

Development of nanomaterials and their use in the textile field is opening new opportunities for products with special functional and technological features; however, there is also expressed concern over the environmental and human health aspects of nanomaterials. This paper discusses the environmental impacts and health risks of nanomaterials commonly used in textiles, e.g. silver nanoparticles (Ag), silica nanoparticles (SiO2), titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2), zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO), nanoparticles of aluminum oxide (Al2O3), carbon-black nanoparticles, montmorillonite and carbon nanotubes (CNT).

Keywords: nanotechnology, nanomaterials, product life cycle, silver nanoparticles, silica nanoparticles, titanium dioxide nanoparticles, zinc oxide nanoparticles, aluminum oxide nanoparticles, montmorillonite, carbon nanotubes, toxicity

 

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23   The Influence of Modacrylic and Metal Protective Fibres in the Mixture on the Mechanical Properties

……of Ring-Spun Yarns for Protective Textiles

……Dunja Šajn Gorjanc1, Neža Sukič1 and Veronika Vrhunc2  Abstract and References

1University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Textiles, Snežniška ulica 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana

2Predilnica Litija, Kidričeva 1, SI-1270 Litija

Original Scientific Article

Received 01-2015 • Accepted 02-2015

Corresponding author:

Assis. Prof. D.Sc. Dunja Šajn Gorjanc

E-mail: dunja.sajn@ntf.uni-lj.si

 

Abstract

The research is focused on the influence of the fire resistant modacrylic (MAC) fibres in the ring-spun yarn mixture with cotton (CO) fibres and of the conductive metal fibres (MTF) in the ring-spun yarn mixture with polyester (PES) fibres on the mechanical properties in the region of lower loads. Analysed yarns are intended for the protective clothing production (fire resistant and electrically conductive clothing). The viscoelastic behavior of yarns in the field of lower loads under the specific stress/extension curve which amounts to 5 cN/tex, reaching the weight of 85 g. The results of the research show that the incorporation of MAC fibres in the yarn from the mixture of 55% MAC/45% CO fibres increases the region of elastic deformations (the stress and extension in the yield point), on the other side the MAC fibres in the yarn mixture decrease the elasticity modulus level. The incorporation of MTF (stainless stell) fibres in the yarn mixture consisting of 75% PES/25% MTF decreases the region of elastic deformations (about 10%), however the region of elastic deformations lies very close to the chosen stress value under the specific stress/extension curve – 5 cN/tex or 85 g.

Keywords: modacrylic fibres, metal fibres, ring-spun yarn, mechanical properties, viscoelastic properties

 

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33   The Effects of Lipase and Cutinase Enzyme Surface Treatments on Light Reflectance and Colour Changes

……in Non-Circular Cross-Sectional Polyester

……Xiaosong Liu1,2, Ian R. Hardin1 and Fumei Wang2,3 Abstract and References

1The University of Georgia, College of Family and Consumer Science, Department of Textiles, Merchandising and Interiors, Athens, GA 30602, USA

2Donghua University, College of Textiles, Shanghai 201620, People’s Republic of China

3Key Lab of Textile Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201620, People’s Republic of China

Original Scientific Article

Received 09-2014 • Accepted 01-2015

Corresponding author:

Xiaosong Liu

Tel.: 00 1 404 86 13681956267

E-mail: xiaosongliu7405@aiyun.com

 

Abstract

Lipase and cutinase enzymes were applied to non-circular cross-sectional polyester fibres. Reflectance and colour changes of the fibres were investigated under specific treatment conditions. The results indicated that lipase L0777 did not affect these fibres, regardless of time of treatment or changes in pH. With cutinase, pits on the surfaces of the fibres occurred when cutinase was applied at 55oC and pH of 7.00 and 8.50, respectively, for 24 hours. This was demonstrated by reflectance and colour changes, as well as by SEM images. The wide-angled x-ray diffraction (WAXD) curves of the cutinase-treated fabrics were ambiguous in that the small changes may have been the result of heat rather than enzyme treatment. Differential scanning calorimetry (DCS) results for both untreated and cutinase-treated polyester fibres showed obvious changes. The peak at 250oC did not change but that at 265oC increased in area, indicating re-crystallisation.

Keywords: reflectance, colour, lipase, cutinase, polyester fabric

 

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47   Application of Cellulases in the Process of Finishing

……Kristina Šimić, Ivo Soljačić and Tanja Pušić  Abstract and References

University of Zagreb, Faculty of Textile Technology, Department of Textile Chemistry and Ecology, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 28a, HR-10 000 Zagreb, Croatia

Scientific Review

Received 06-2014 • Accepted 01-2015

Corresponding author:

Kristina Šimić, B.Sc.

Tel.: 00 385 148 77 353

E-mail: kristina.simic@ttf.hr

 

Abstract

Cellulases are enzymes that are used for surface modification of cellulosic materials primarily in finishing. It is multi-component enzymatic system which hydrolyzes cellulose chains, on the surface of the fibers, to glucose. With their application in finishing of textiles, surface fibres are removed and surface of treated textiles becomes smooth. The most important application is in the processing of denim providing special effects, without significant fabric loss of strength. As enzymes are effective over mild conditions of pH and temperatures and they are easy biodegradable.

Keywords: enzymes, cellulases, textile fibres, finishing

 

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