Tekstilec 1/2015

¹Univerza v Mariboru, Fakulteta za strojništvo, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor

²IOS, d. o. o., Inšitut za okoljevarstvo in senzorje, Beloruska 7, 2000 Maribor

Pregledni znanstveni članek

Prispelo 10-2014 • Sprejeto 02-2015

Korespondenčna avtorica:

red. prof. dr. Aleksandra Lobnik

Telefon: +386 2 220 79 12

E-pošta: lobnikaleksandra@gmail.com

Izvleček

Razvoj nanomaterialov in njihova uporaba v tekstilstvu sta velika priložnost za izdelavo novih izdelkov z različnimi funkcionalnimi in tehnološkimi lastnostmi, vendar razvoj poleg priložnosti pomeni tveganja za okolje in zdravje ljudi v obliki nanoonesnaževanja ter toksičnih vplivov na žive organizme. V prispevku so obravnavani okoljski vplivi in zdravstvena tveganja nanomaterialov, ki se najpogosteje uporabljajo v tekstilstvu, kot npr. nanodelci srebra (Ag), silicijevega dioksida (SiO₂), titanovega dioksida (TiO₂), cinkovega oksida (ZnO), aluminijevega oksida (Al₂O₃), aktivnega oglja, nanoglina in ogljikove nanocevke (CNT).

Ključne besede: nanotehnologija, nanomateriali, življenjski cikel izdelka, nanodelci srebra, nanodelci silicijevega dioksida, nanodelci titanovega dioksida, nanodelci cinkovega oksida, nanodelci aluminijevega oksida,

nanoglina, ogljikove nanocevke, toksičnost

Viri

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77. CLEMENTE, Z., CASTRO, V. L., FEITOSA, L. O., LIMA, R., JONSSON, C. M., MAIA, A. H. N., FRACETO, L. F. Fish exposure to nano-TiO2 under different experimental conditions: methodological aspects for nanoecotoxicology investigations. Science of The Total Environment, 2013, 463–464, 647–656, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.06.022.
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92. XIONG, Daowen, FANG, Tao, YU, Linpeng, XIAOFENG Sima, ZHU Wentao. Effects of nano-scale TiO₂, ZnO and their bulk counterparts on zebrafish: Acute toxicity, oxidative stress and oxidative damage. Science of Total Environment, 2011, 409(8), 1444–1452, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.01.015.
93. LIU, Guoqiang, WANG, Demin, WANG, Jianmin, MENDOZA, Cesar. Effect of ZnO particles on activated sludge: Role of particle dissolution. Science of Total Environment, 2011, 409(14), 2852–2857, doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.03.022.
94. LI, Mei, LIN, Daohui, ZHU, Lizhong. Effects of water chemistry on the dissolution of ZnO nanoparticles and their toxicity to Escherichia coli. Environmental Pollution, 2013, 173, 97–102, doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.10.026.
95. MWAANGA, Phenny, CARRAWAY, R. Elizabeth, VAN DEN HURK, Peter. The induction of biochemical changes in Daphnia magna by CuO and ZnO nanoparticles. Aquatic Toxicology, 2014, 150, 201–209, doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.03.011.
96. LU, Senlin, DUFFIN, Rodger, POLAND, Craig, DALY, Paul, MURPHY, Fiona, DROST, Ellen, MACNEE, William, STONE, Vicki, DONALDSON, Ken. Efficacy of simple short-term in vitro assays for predicting the potential of metal oxide nanoparticles to cause pulmonary inflammation. Environmental Health Perspectives, 2009, vol. 117(2), 241–247, doi: 10.1289/ehp.11811.
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98. XIA, Tian, KOVOCHICH, Michael, BRANT, Jonathan, HOTZE, Matt, SEMPF, Joan, OBERLEY, Terry, SIOUTAS, Constantinos, YEH, I. Joanne, WIESNER, R. Mark, NEL, E. Andre. Comparison of the abilities of ambient and manufactured nanoparticles to induce cellular toxicity according to an oxidative stress paradigm. Nano Letters, 2006, 6(8), 1794–1807, doi: 10.1021/nl061025k.
99. TRIPATHY, Nirmalya, HONG, Tae-Keun, HA, Ki-Tae, JEONG, Han-Sol, HAHN, Yoon-Bong. Effect of ZnO nanoparticles aggregation on the toxicity in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2014, 270, 110–117.
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101. WANG, Huanhua, WICK, L. Robert, XING, Baoshan. Toxicity of nanoparticulate and bulk ZnO, Al₂O₃ and TiO₂ to the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, Environmental Pollution, 2009, 157(4), 1171–1177, doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.11.004.
102. XU, Mingsheng, FUJITA, Daisuke, KAJIWARA, Shoko, MINOWA, Takashi, LI, Xianglan, TAKEMURA, Taro, IWAI, Hideo, HANAGATA, Nobutaka. Contribution of physicochemical characteristics of nano-oxides to cytotoxicity, Biomaterials, 2010, 31(31), 8022–8031, doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.11.004.
103. INOUE, K., TAKANO, H., OHNUKI, M., YANAGISAWA, R., SAKURAI, M., SHIMADA, A., MIZUSHIMA, K., YOSHIKAWA, T. Size effects of nanomaterials on lung inflammation and coagulatory disturbance. International Journal of Immunopathological Pharmacology, 2008, 1, 197–206.
104. LIN, Weisheng, STAYTON, Isaac, HUANG, Yue-Wern, ZHOU, Xiao-Dong, MA, Yinfa. Cytotoxicity and cell membrane depolarization induced by aluminium oxide nanoparticles in human lung epithelial cells A549. Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry, 2008, 90(5), 983–996, doi: 10.1080/02772240701802559.
105. ZHANG, Xiao Qiang, YIN, Li Hong, TANG, Meng, PU, Yue Pu. ZnO, TiO₂, SiO₂, and Al₂O₃ nanoparticles-induced toxic effects on human fetal lung fibroblasts. Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, 2011, 24(6), 661–669, doi: 10.3967/0895-3988.2011.06.011.
106. HUEBNER, J. HENRY, PHILLIPS, D. TIMOTHY. Clay-based affinity probes for selective cleanup and determination of aflatoxin B1 using nanostructured montmorillonite on quartz. Journal of AOAC International, 2003, 86(3), 534–539.
107. KUNZMANN, Andrea, ANDERSSON, Britta, THURNHERR, Tina, KRUG, Harald, SCHEYNIUS, Annika, FADEEL, Bengt. Toxicology of engineered nanomaterials: Focus on biocompatibility, biodistribution and biodegradation. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) – General Subjects, 2011, 1810(3), 361–373, doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2010.04.007.
108. BOCZKOWSKI, Jorge in LANONE, Sophie. Respiratory toxicities of nanomaterials – A focus on carbon nanotubes, Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 2012, 64(15), 1694–1699, doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.05.011.
109. DE VOLDER, F. L. MICHAEL, TAWFICK, H. SAMEH, BAUGHMAN, H. RAY, HART, A. JOHN. Carbon nanotubes: present and future commercial applications, Science, 2013, 339(6119), 535–539, doi: 10.1126/science.1222453.
110. KÖHLER, R. Andreas, SOM, Claudia, HELLAND, Aasgeir, GOTTSCHALK, Fadri. Studying the potential release of carbon nanotubes throughout the application life cycle. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2008, 16(8–9), 927–937, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2007.04.007.
111. ZHAO, Xingchen, in LIU, Rutao. Recent progress and perspectives on the toxicity of carbon nanotubes at organism, organ, cell, and biomacromolecule levels. Environment International, 2012, 40, 244–256, doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2011.12.003.
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113. CHEN, Kai Loon, SMITH, A. Billy, BALL, P. William, FAIRBROTHER, D. Howard. Assessing the colloidal properties of engineered nanoparticles in water: case studies from fullerene C-60 nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes. Environmental chemistry, 2010, 7(1), 10–27, doi: 10.1071/EN09112.
114. HELLAND, Aasgeir, WICK, Peter, KOEHLER, Andreas, SCHMID, Kaspar, SOM, Claudia. Reviewing the environmental and human health knowledgebase of carbon nanotubes. Environmental Health Perspectives, 2007, 115(8), 1125–1131, doi: 10.1289/ehp.9652.
115. HYUNG, Hoon, FORTNER, D. John, HUGHES, B. Joseph, KIM, Jae-Hong. Natural organic matter stabilizes carbon nanotubes in the aqueous phase. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2007, 41(1) 179–184, doi: 10.1021/es061817g.
116. CHENG, Jinping, FLAHAUT, Emmanuel, CHENG, Shuk Han. Effect of carbon nanotubes on developing zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2007, 26(4), 708–716, doi: 10.1897/06-272R.1.
117. CHENG, Jinping, CHAN, Chung Man, VECA, L. Monica, POON, Wing Lin, CHAN, Po Kwok, QU, Liangwei, SUN, Ya-Ping, CHENG, Shuk Han. Acute and long-term effects after single loading of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 2009, 235(2), 216–225, doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2008.12.006.
118. CANAS, E. Jaclyn, LONG, Monique, NATIONS, Shawna, VADAN, Rodica, DAI, Lenore, LUO, Mingxiang. Effects of functionalized and nonfunctionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes on root elongation of selected crop species. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2008, 27(9), 1922–1931, doi: 10.1897/08-117.1.
119. GRUBEK-JAWORSKA, H., NEJMAN, P., CZUMIŃSKA, K., PRZYBYŁOWSKI, T., HUCZKO, A., LANGE, H., BYSTRZEJEWSKI, M., BARANOWSKI, P., CHAZAN, R. Preliminary results on the pathogenic effects of intratracheal exposure to one-dimension nanocarbons. Carbon, 2006, 44(6), 1057–1063, doi: 10.1016/j.carbon.2005.12.011.
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¹University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Department of Textiles, Snežniška ulica 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana

²Predilnica Litija, Kidričeva 1, SI-1270 Litija

Izvirni znanstveni članek

Prispelo 01-2015 • Sprejeto 02-2015

Korespondenčna avtorica:

Doc. dr. Dunja Šajn Gorjanc

E-mail: dunja.sajn@ntf.uni-lj.si

Izvleček

Raziskava je usmerjena na vpliv ognjevarnih modakrilnih vlaken v prstanski preji iz mešanice modakrilnih in bombažnih vlaken in elektroprevodnih kovinskih vlaken v prstanski preji iz mešanice poliestrskih in kovinskih vlaken na mehanske lastnosti v območju manjših (uporabnih) obremenitev. Analizirane preje so namenjene za izdelavo zaščitnih oblačil (ognjevarnih in elektroprevodnih), tako se raziskava osredinja na viskoelastično območje manjših obremenitev na krivulji napetost/raztezek, tj. pri napetosti 5 cN/tex, kar pomeni obremenitev mase 85 g. Raziskava je pokazala, da ognjevarna modakrilna vlakna (MAC) v mešanici iz 55 % modakrilnih 45 % bombažnih vlaken vplivajo na povečanje elastičnega območja (napetost in raztezek v meji polzišča), na drugi strani pa vplivajo na znižanje modula elastičnosti prstanske preje. Vsebnost MTF (iz nerjavnega jekla) vlaken v mešanici iz 75 % PES in 25 % MTF vlaken vpliva na zmanjšanje elastičnega območja za okrog 10 %, na drugi strani pa se vrednosti elastičnega območja gibljejo v mejah območja manjših (uporabnih) obremenitev na krivulji specifična napetost/raztezek, ki znaša 5 cN/tex oziroma 85 g.

Ključne besede: modakrilna vlakna, kovinska vlakna, prstanska preja, mehanske lstnosti, viskoelastične lastnosti

Viri

1. SCOTT, Richard, A. Textiles for Protection. Edited by R. A. Scott. Cambridge : Woodhead Publishing, 2005, pp. 3–22.
2. HORROCKS, A. R., SUBHASH, C. Anand. Handbook of Technical Textiles, Edited by A. Richard Horrocks, C. Subhash Anand. 1^st Edition. Cambridge : Woodhead Publishing, 2000, pp. 42–60.
3. LAWRENCE, Carl A. Fundamentals of Spun Yarn Technology. Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2003, pp. 38–44.
4. NDLOVU, Lloyd N., CUNCHAO, Han, CHONGWEN, Yu. Mechanical and FR properties of different ratios of cotton/polysulfonamide (PSA) core spun and blended yarns, Journal of Engineered Fibres and Fabrics, 2014, 9(4), 24–33.
5. VALASEVIČIŪTĖ, L., MILAŠIUS, R., BAGDONIENĖ, R., ABRAITIENĖ, A. Investigation of end-use properties of fabrics from metaaramid yarns. Materials Science, 2003, 9(4), 391–394.
6. LAVRENTEVA, E.P. New-generation fire- and heat-resistant textile materials for working clothes, Fibre Chemistry, 2013, 45(2), pp. 107–113.
7. OZCAN, Gulay, DAYIOGLU, Habip, CANDAN, Cevza. Effect of gray fabric properties on flame resistance of knitted fabric. Textile Research Journal, 2003, 73 (10), 883–891, doi: 10.1177/004051750307301006.
8. Textile Innovation Knowledge Platform dostopno na daljavo, TIKP citirano 10.12.2014. Dostopno na svetovnem spletu: http://www.tikp.co.uk/>.
9. BUKOŠEK, Vili. Program Dinara^® Meritve^®. Ljubljana : Univerza v Ljubljani, Fakulteta za naravoslovje in tehnologijo, Oddelek za tekstilstvo, 1989.
10. MISHRA, S. P. A Text Book of Fibre Science and Technology. Edited by S. P. Mishra. 1^st Edition. New Delhi : New age International Publisher, 2010, 363 p.
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14. VARNAITĖ, Sandra, KATUNSKIS, Jurgis. Influence of Washing on the Electric Charge Decay of Fabrics with Conductive Yarns. Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe, 2009, 17(5 ), pp. 69–75.
15. SEKERDEN, Filiz. Effect of the constructions of metal fabrics on their electrical resistance. Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe, 2013, 21(6), pp. 58–63.
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¹The University of Georgia, College of Family and Consumer Science, Department of Textiles, Merchandising and Interiors, Athens, GA 30602, USA

²Donghua University, College of Textiles, Shanghai 201620, People’s Republic of China

³Key Lab of Textile Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201620, People’s Republic of China

Izvirni znanstveni članek

Prispelo 09-2014 • Sprejeto 01-2015

Korespondenčni avtor:

Xiaosong Liu

Tel.: 00 1 404 86 13681956267

E-pošta: xiaosongliu7405@aiyun.com

Izvleček

Poliestrska vlakna profiliranega prečnega prereza so bila encimsko obdelana z lipazami in kutinazami. Raziskan je bil vpliv specifične obdelave na odboj svetlobe in barvne spremembe vlaken. Rezultati so pokazali, da lipaze L0777 niso vplivale na odboj svetlobe s površine vlaken, ne glede na čas obdelave ali spremembo vrednosti pH. Kutinaze so povzročile luknjičavost na površju vlaken pri 24-urni obdelavi pri temperaturi 55 ^oC in vrednosti pH 7,00 in 8,50. Spremembe so bile spremljane z odbojem svetlobe in spremembo barve ter elektronsko mikroskopskimi posnetki površja vlaken. Krivulje širokokotnega sipanja rentgenskih žarkov (WAXD) s kutinazami obdelanih vzorcev so pokazale manjše spremembe strukture, ki pa so lahko posledica delovanja toplote in ne encimske obdelave. Rezultati diferencialne kalorimetrije (DSC) kažejo povečanje površine eksotermnega vrha pri temperaturi 265 ^oC, kar dokazuje rekristalizacijo vlaken pri vlaknih, encimsko obdelanih s kutinazami.

Ključne besede: odboj svetlobe, barva, lipaze, kutinaze, poliestrska tkanina

Viri

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University of Zagreb, Faculty of Textile Technology, Department of Textile Chemistry and Ecology, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 28a, HR-10 000 Zagreb, Croatia

Pregledni znanstveni članek

Prispelo 06-2014 • Sprejeto 01-2015

Korespondenčna avtorica:

Kristina Šimić, B.Sc.

Tel: 00 385 148 77 353

E-pošta: kristina.simic@ttf.hr

Izvleček

Celulaze so encimi, namenjeni površinski modifikaciji celuloznih tekstilij, predvsem pri plemenitenju tekstilij. Večkomponentni sistem encimov hidrolizira celulozne makromolekule na površju vlaken do glukoze. Z uporabo celulaz pri plemenitenju tekstilij se odstranijo štrleča vlakna na površju tekstilije, s čimer postane obdelano površje gladko. Med najpomembnejše vrste uporabe celulaz spada plemenitenje denim jeansa, kjer dosežejo posebne učinke brez bistvenega znižanja trdnosti tkanine. Encimi so učinkoviti v blagih pogojih vrednosti pH in temperature in so lahko biorazgradljivi.

Ključne besede: encimi, celulaze, tekstilna vlakna, plemenitenje

Viri

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