Tekstilec 2/2015

Univerza v Ljubljani, Naravoslovnotehniška fakulteta, Oddelek za tekstilstvo, Snežniška ulica 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana

Izvirni znanstveni članek

Prispelo 03-2015 • Sprejeto 04-2015

Korespondenčna avtorica:

Doc. dr. Dejana Javoršek

E-pošta: dejana.javorsek@ntf.uni-lj.si

Izvleček

Prikazovanje želene barve na zaslonu na spletu je še vedno ključni del uspeha za slikarje in fotografe. Namen naše raziskave je bil primerjati natančnost in različnost prikazanih barv na različnih napravah ter med modeli posamezne naprave. Analiziranih je bilo sedem Applovih zaslonov različnih naprav (iPad 2, iPad 3, iPad Mini, iPhone 4, iPhone 5, iMac ter MacBook Pro) v dveh brskalnikih, Chrome in Safari. Pri napravi iMac je bil uporabljen barvni profil zaslona iMac, pri MacBook Pro pa je bil uporabljen barvni profil Colour LCD. Barvni prostori naprav so prikazani v barvnem diagramu CIE x, y in CIELAB ter primerjani s standardnim barvnim prostorom sRGB. Rezultati kažejo, da na prikaz barv na različnih napravah v veliki meri vpliva predvsem kakovost zaslona. Pri napravah, ki podpirajo barvne profile, na prikaz barv vpliva tudi izbira brskalnika. Pri napravah z vključenim barvnim profilom zaslona je pomembno, da izberemo brskalnik, ki ima omogočeno barvno upravljanje, ki izbrani profil upošteva. V našem primeru brskalnik Safari upošteva določen profil zaslona, medtem ko brskalnik Chrome barvnih profilov zaslona ne upošteva in rezultati so odvisni od drugih dejavnikov. Ti rezultati so pomembni tako za grafične in modne oblikovalce kot tudi za tekstilne tehnologe, ki želijo potencialnim strankam predstaviti svoje delo in izdelke na različnih napravah.

Ključne besede: barvno upravljanje, brskalniki, prikazovalne naprave, barvni prostori

Viri

1. WONG, Alice. Colour Management for Web Browsers [online], Graphic Comunication, Senior project 2010, College of Liberal Arts, California Polytechnic State University, 2010, [accessed 28.5.2014]. Available on World Wide Web: <http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/grcsp/29/>.
2. JAVORŠEK, Dejana, MUCK, Tadeja in KARLOVIĆ, Igor. Reproduciranje barv in barvno upravljanje. Ljubljana: Univerza v Ljubljani, Naravoslovnotehniška fakulteta, Oddelek za tekstilstvo, 2013, pp. 275.
3. Smartphone Users Worldwide Will Total 1.75 Billion in 2014 [online], emarketer.com/Article/Smartphone-Users-Worldwide-Will-Total-175-Billion-2014 [accessed 16.2.2014]. Available on World Wide Web: <http://www.emarketer.com/Article/Smartphone-Users-Worldwide-Will-Total-175-Billion-2014/1010536>.
4. SHANKAR, Venkatesh, VENKATESH, Alladi, HOFACKER, Charles and NAIK, Prasad. Mobile marketing in the retailing environment: current insights and future research avenues. Journal of interactive marketing, 2010, 24(2), 111–120, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intmar.2010.02.006.
5. KERBS, W. Robert. An Empirical Comparison of User Color Preferences in Electronic Interface Design [online], California State Polytechnic University, 2003 [accessed 16.2.2014]. Available on World Wide Web: <http://www.hft.org/HFT03/paper03/05_Ker.pdf>.
6. PRASAD, Shitala; KUMAR, Piyush; SINHA, Kumari Priyanka. Grayscale to Color Map Transformation for Efficient Image Analysis on Low Processing Devices. In: Advances in Intelligent Informatics. Editor: El-Sayed M. El-Alfy et al., Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 2015, 9–18, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11218-3_2.
7. ICC Colour Management [online], International Colour Consortium [accessed 16.2.2014]. Available on World Wide Web: <http://www.colour.org/slidepres2003.pdf>.
8. ZORIĆ, Vladimir and KARLOVIĆ, Igor. Color Reproduction on Tablet Devices, Acta Graphica, 2014, 25(1–2), 31-36.
9. DUGGAN, Seán. Colour management: Use the correct ICC profile for web images [online]. [accessed 12.4.2014]. Available on World Wide Web: <http://www.seanduggan.com/technique/downloads/ICCprofiles_web_images.pdf>.
10. LIPERA, Roger. Introduction to Colour & the Web [online]. Interactive Media Center, University at Albany [accessed 1.3.2015]. Available on World Wide Web: <http://library.albany.edu/imc/webcolor/color3_3.html>.
11. PREISTER, Gary W. Htmlgoodies. Consistent Colors For Your Site – All You Need To Know About Web Safe Colors [online]. HTMLGoodies Staff [accessed 12.3.2014]. Available on World Wide Web: <http://www.htmlgoodies.com/tutorials/web_graphics/consistent-colors-for-your-site-all-you-need-to-know-about-web-safe-colors.html>.
12. TINDEMANS, Simon. Web browser colour management [online]. Initial publication, 2012 [accessed 15.2.2013]. Available on World Wide Web: <http://simon.tindemans.eu/cm/webcm>.
13. PILI, Fábio. Web browser colour management guide [online]. Published by Fábio Pili, 2010 [accessed 1.3.2015]. Available on World Wide Web: <http://cameratico.com/guides/web-browser-color-management-guide>.
14. Colour Management in Safari [online]. Technical Note TN2220, Safari Developer Library [accessed 1.3.2015]. Available on World Wide Web: <https://developer.apple.com/library/safari/technotes/tn2220/_index.html>.

Univerza v Ljubljani, Naravoslovnotehniška fakulteta, Oddelek za tekstilstvo, Snežniška ulica 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana

Pregledni znanstveni članek

Prispelo 04-2014 • Sprejeto 05-2015

Korespondenčna avtorica:

Izr. prof. dr. Alenka Pavko Čuden

Tel.: +386 1 200 32 16

E-pošta: alenka.cuden@ntf.uni-lj.si

Izvleček

Na votkovne pletene strukture vplivajo različne deformacije zanke. Nagnjenost in izkrivljenost zank v pleteni strukturi sta poznani kot poševnost oz. spiralnost pletiva. Vzroki za poševnost in spiralnost so podrobno preiskani, analizirani in ocenjeni. Na splošno jih je mogoče razdeliti v dve skupini: v materialne in procesne. Eden od materialnih vzrokov je povezan s prejo; poševnost/spiralnost pletiva povzroča preostali vrtilni moment preje, ki se odraža v neumirjenosti preje. Med najpomembnejšimi procesnimi vzroki je povezanost s pletilnikom, ki se nanaša na večsistemsko krožno pletenje. Raziskave poševnosti in spiralnosti pletiva potekajo že skoraj sto let. Razviti so bili modeli za razumevanje in predvidevanje deformacije zanke. Ves čas razvijajo in izboljšujejo postopke za zmanjšanje ali celo odstranitev poševnosti/spiralnosti. Nekateri vključujejo spremembe surovin, drugi spremembe mehanskih postopkov in/ali opreme, medtem ko se preostali usmerjajo v plemenitenje. V raziskavah in industrijski praksi so bili za merjenje poševnosti in spiralnosti uporabljeni številni standardi in druge preskuševalne metode. Uporaba številnih izrazov, ki opisujejo pojav poševnosti/spiralnosti, kaže na trajen pomen problema na eni strani in na nedoslednost terminologije na drugi.

Ključne besede: pletenje, pletivo, poševnost, spiralnost, nagnjenost zanke, neumirjenost preje, preostali vrtilni moment

Viri

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Univerza v Ljubljani, Naravoslovnotehniška fakulteta, Oddelek za tekstilstvo, Snežniška 5, 1000 Ljubljana

Izvirni znanstveni članek

Prispelo 03-2014 • Sprejeto 05-2015

Korespondenčna avtorica:

Izr. prof. dr. Sabina Bračko

Telefon: +386 1 200 32 38

E-pošta: sabina.bracko@ntf.uni-lj.si

Izvleček

Človeška koža je kompleksen in nepredvidljiv organ, katerega barva se na področju znanosti objektivno vrednoti z uporabo barvne metrike. Na rezultate merjenja vplivajo številni dejavniki, ki še niso v celoti opredeljeni. Nekateri dejavniki neposredno določajo barvo kože, so odvisni od posameznika ter jih ne moremo nadzorovati. Poudarek raziskave pa je bil na drugi skupini dejavnikov, ki se nanašajo na pogoje merjenja in so spremenljivi in prilagodljivi. Tako je bil namen raziskave proučiti vpliv števila zaporednih meritev, izbora dela telesa, lokacije točke v določenem delu telesa, velikosti merilne odprtine ter temperature na barvo kože. Ocenjeni sta bili tudi primernost uporabljenih instrumentov in ponovljivost rezultatov merjenja v odvisnosti od števila zaporednih meritev ter izbrane velikosti merilne odprtine. Meritve so bile izvedene z dvema različnima refleksijskima spektrofotometroma, sodelovalo pa je skupaj šest prostovoljcev. V okviru meritev so bili omenjeni pogoji načrtno spreminjani, rezultati pa so bili podani v obliki refleksijskih spektrov, CIEL^*a^*b^* koordinat, barvnih razlik ΔE^*_ab, sprememb svetlosti ΔL^*, sprememb nasičenosti ΔC^*_ab ter sprememb barvnega tona ΔH^*_ab v barvnem prostoru CIELAB. Vsi proučevani dejavniki so izkazali velik vpliv na rezultate merjenja barve kože. V raziskavi je bilo ugotovljeno, da za dobro ponovljivost rezultatov merjenja zadošča deset zaporednih meritev v eni točki. Odsvetovana je uporaba najmanjših merilnih odprtin, ker te ne omogočajo dovolj visoke ponovljivosti. Priporočena sta tudi natančno definiranje dela telesa in posameznih točk merjenja v odvisnosti od namena in vzdrževanje take temperature okolja, ki čim manj moti normalno temperaturo površine kože.

Ključne besede: človeška koža, barva kože, merjenje barve, spektrofotometrija, barvni prostor CIELAB

Viri

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1Univerzitet u Banjoj Luci, Tehnološki fakultet

²Universitet u Novom Sadu, Tehnološki fakultet

Strokovni članek

Prispelo 07-2014 • /Sprejeto 12-2014

Korespondenčni avtor:

MSc Mladen Stančić

E-pošta: mladen.stancic@unibl.rs

Izvleček

Oblačila so med uporabo in vzdrževanjem izpostavljena različnim vplivom, med katerimi sta najpogostejša pranje in izpostavljenost telesnemu znoju. Omenjena učinka povzročata določene spremembe na vlaknih in barvnih odtisih tekstilnih materialov. V članku je predstavljena raziskava vpliva znojenja in zaporednih pranj barvnih odtisov na tekstilnih materialih, izdelanih v tehniki sitotiska. Proučevani sta bili reprodukcija barv s spektrofotometrično analizo in sposobnost zadrževanja vode. Izsledki raziskave kažejo, da s povečanjem števila pranj prihaja do večjih sprememb barvnih odtisov. Ugotovljeno je bilo tudi, da poleg več zaporednih pranj na barvo odtisov vpliva tudi znojenje. Potrjen je bil vpliv tiskanja in pranja na sposobnost zadrževanja vode v tekstilnih materialih.

Ključne besede: sitotisk, pranje, vpliv znojenja, kakovost tiska, barvna reprodukcija, sposobnost zadrževanja vode

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